Asi Questions Essay Example for Free

Asi Questions Essay The Interview Format Does It Have to be an Interview? This is perhaps the most often asked question regarding the ASI. In the search for faster and easier methods of collecting data many clinicians and researchers have asked for a self-administered (either by computer or paper and pencil) version of the instrument. We have not sanctioned the use of a self-administered version for several reasons. First, we have tested the reliability and validity of the severity ratings by having raters use just the information that has been collected on the form without the interview. This has resulted in very poor estimates of problem severity and essentially no concurrent reliability. Second, we have been sensitive to problems of illiteracy among segments of the substance abusing population. Even among the literate there are problems of attention, interest and comprehension that are especially relevant to this population. Finally, since the instrument is often used as part of the initial clinical evaluation, it has been our philosophy that it is important to have interpersonal contact for at least one part of that initial evaluation. We see this as simply being polite and supportive to a patient with problems. We have seen no convincing demonstration that the interview format produces worse (less reliable or valid) information than other methods of administration and we have found that particularly among some segments of the substance abusing population (eg. the psychiatrically ill, elderly, confused and physically sick) the interview format may be the only viable method for insuring understanding of the questions asked. Particularly in the clinical situation, the general demeanor or feel of a patient is poorly captured without person-to-person contact and this can be an important additional source of information for clinical staff. There are of course many useful, valid and reliable self-administered instruments appropriate for the substance abuse population. For example, we have routinely used selfadministered questionnaires and other instruments with very satisfactory results (eg. Beck Depression Inventory, MA ST, SCL-90, etc.) but these are usually very focussed instruments that have achieved validity and consistency by asking numerous questions related to a single theme (eg. depression, alcohol abuse, etc.). The ASI is purposely broadly focussed for the purposes outlined above, and we have not been successful in creating a viable self-administered instrument that can efficiently collect the range of information sought by the ASI. Thus, it should be clear that at this writing there is no reliable or valid version of the ASI that is self-administered and there is currently no plan for developing this format for the instrument. We would of course be persuaded by comparative data from a reliable, valid and useful self-administered version of the ASI and this is an open invitation to interested parties. Role of the Interviewer What are the qualifications needed for an ASI interviewer? Having indicated the importance of the interview process it follows that the most important part of the ASI is the interviewer who collects the information. The interviewer is not simply the recorder of a series of subjective statements. The interviewer is responsible for the integrity of the information collected and must be willing to repeat, paraphrase and probe until he/she is satisfied that the patient understands the question and that the answer reflects the best judgment of the patient, consistent with the intent of the question. It must be emphasized that the interviewer must understand the intent of each question. This is very important since despite the range of situations and unusual answers that we have described in the manual, a new exception or previously unheard of situation occurs virtually each week. Thus, ASI interviewers should not expect to find answers in the workbook to all of the unusual situations that they will encounter in using the ASI. Instead it will be critical for the interviewer to understand the intent of the question, to probe for the most complete information available from the patient and then to record the most appropriate answer, including a comment. There is a very basic set of personal qualities necessary for becoming a proficient interviewer. First, the prospective interviewer must be personable and supportive capable of forming good rapport with a range of patients who may be difficult. It is no secret that many individuals have negative feelings about substance abusers and these feelings are revealed to the patients very quickly, thereby compromising any form of rapport. Second, the interviewer must be able to help the patient separate the problem areas and to examine them individually using the questions provided. Equally important qualities in the prospective interviewer are the basic intelligence to understand the intent of the questions in the interview and the commitment to collecting the information in a responsible manner. There are no clear-cut educational or background characteristics that have been reliably associated with the ability to perform a proficient ASI interview. We have trained a wide range of people to administer the ASI, including receptionists, college students, police/probation officers, physicians, professional interviewers and even a research psychologist!! There have been people from each of these groups who were simply unsuited to performing interviews and were excluded during training (perhaps 10% of all those trained) or on subsequent reliability checks. Reasons for exclusion were usually because they simply couldnt form reasonable rapport with the patients, they were not sensitive to lack of understanding or distrust in the patient, they were not able to effectively probe initially confused answers with supplemental clarifying questions or they simply didnt agree with the approach of the ASI (examining problems individually rather than as a function of substance abuse). With regard to assisting the interviewer in checking for understanding and consistency during the interview, there are many reliability checks built into the ASI. They are discussed in some detail in the workbook and they have been used effectively to insure the quality and consistency of the collected data. Severity Ratings How important and useful are they? It is noteworthy that the severity ratings were historically the last items to be included on the ASI. They were considered to be interesting but non-essential items that were a summary convenience for people who wished a quick general profile of a patients problem status. They were only provided for clinical convenience and never intended for research use. It was surprising and interesting for us to find that when interviewers were trained comparably and appropriately, these severity estimates were reliable and valid across a range of patient types and interviewer types. Further, they remain a useful clinical summary that we continue to use regularly but only for initial treatment planning and referral. A Note on Severity It should be noted that much of the reason for the reliability and validity of these severity ratings is the structured interview format and the strict (some would say arbitrary) definition of severity that we have adopted: ie.need for additional treatment. Many users of the ASI have selected the instrument exclusively for research purposes and these ratings have never been used for this purpose especially as outcome measures. Other users do not agree with our definition of severity. Still others do not have the time or inclination to check and recheck severity estimates among their various interviewers. For all of these potential users the severity ratings would not be useful or worth the investment of man-hours required to train reliability. Even for those with primary clinical uses, these ratings are not essential and are perhaps the most vulnerable of all the ASI items to the influences of poor interviewing skills, patient misrepresentation or lack of compreh ension and even the surroundings under which the interview is conducted. Therefore, it is entirely acceptable to train ASI interviewers and to use the ASI without referral to the severity ratings. Composite Scores What are they for, why were they constructed this way and what are the norms? Users familiar with earlier editions of the ASI know there is a separate manual designed to describe their use and to show how to calculate them (See Composite Scores from the Addiction Severity Index McGahan et al. 1986). The composite scores have been developed from combinations of items in each problem area that are capable of showing change (ie. based on the prior thirty day period, not lifetime) and that offer the most internally consistent estimate of problem status. The complicated formulas used in the calculation of these composites are necessary to insure equal weighting of all items in the composite. These composites have been very useful to researchers as mathematically sound measures of change in problem status but have had almost no value to clinicians as indications of current status in a problem area. This is due to the failure on our part to develop and publish normative values for representative groups of substance abuse patients (eg. methadone maintained males, cocaine dependent females in drug free treatment, etc.). At the risk of being defensive, our primary interest was measuring change among our local patients and not comparing the current problem status of various patient groups across the country. Further, we simply did not foresee the range of interest that has been shown in the instrument. A Note on Norms for the Composite Scores At this writing, we are collecting ASI data from a variety of patient samples across the country. These samples will be used to convert the composite raw scores into T-scores with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10 (as MMPI and SCL-90 scores are presented). Our intention is to publish these normative data and to circulate copies of the tables to all individuals who have sent to us for ASI packets. We will also provide programs written in Basic, Lotus 123 ® or Excel ®to calculate these composite scores and to convert existing composite scores into Tscores. In this way we hope to make up for the lack of standardization that has been a problem with the composite scores to this time. Appropriate Populations Can I use the ASI with samples of Substance Abusing Prisoners or Psychiatrically Ill Substance Abusers? Because the ASI has been shown to be reliable and valid among substance abusers applying for treatment, many workers in related fields have used the ASI with substance abusing samples from their populations. For example, the ASI has been used at the time of incarceration and/or parole/probation to evaluate substance abuse and other problems in criminal populations. In addition, because of the widespread substance abuse among mentally ill and homeless populations, the ASI has also been used among these groups. While we have collaborated with many workers on the use of the instrument with these populations; it should be clear that there are no reliability or validity studies of the instrument in these populations. This of course does not mean that the ASI is necessarily invalid with these groups, only that its test parameters have not been established. In fact, workers from these fields have turned to the ASI because they felt that no other suitable instrument was available. In cases where this is true, it is likely that the ASI would be a better choice than creating a totally new instrument. However, it is important to note circumstances that are likely to reduce the value of data from the ASI among these groups. For example, when used with a treatment seeking sample and an independent, trained interviewer, there is less reason for a potential substance abuser to misrepresent (even under these circumstances it still happens). In circumstances where individuals are being evaluated for probation/parole or jail there is obviously much more likelihood of misrepresentation. Similarly, when the ASI is used with psychiatrically ill substance abusers who are not necessarily seeking (and possibly avoiding) treatment, there is often reason to suspect denial, confusion and misrepresentation. Again, there is currently no suitable alternative instrument or procedure available that will insure valid, accurate responses under these conditions. The consistency checks built into the ASI may even be of some benefit in these circumstances. However, it is important to realize the limits of the instrument. Regardless, systematic tests of the reliability and validity of the ASI in populations of substance abusers within the criminal justice system and within the mental health system are necessary but have not been done and this is an open invitation to interested parties. A Special Note on Adolescent Populations Despite the fact that we have repeatedly published warnings for potential users of the ASI regarding the lack of reliability, validity and utility of the instrument with adolescent populations there remain instances where the ASI has been used in this inappropriate manner. Again, the ASI is not appropriate for adolescents due to its underlying assumptions regarding self-sufficiency and because it simply does not address issues (eg. school, peer relations, family problems from the perspective of the adolescent, etc.) that are critical to an evaluation of adolescent problems. At this writing, there are two versions of the ASI that have been developed for adolescent populations and have shown at least initial evidence of reliability and validity in this population. A third instrument is not in the same format as the ASI but has shown excellent reliability and validity. Interested readers may contact these individuals directly for more information about these instruments. Kathy Meyers, Research Department, Carrier Foundation, Belle Meade, New Jersey Carrier Addiction Severity Index or Yifrah Kaminer, Adolescent Chemical Dependency Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa. Teen Addiction Severity Index or Al Friedman, Adolescent Substance Abuse Program, Department of Psychiatry, Philadelphia Psychiatric Center, Phila., Pa. Adolescent Drug and Alcohol Diagnostic Assessment ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS FOR THE ASI Can I ask additional questions and/or delete some of the current items? As indicated above, the ASI was designed to capture the minimum information necessary to evaluate the nature and severity of patients treatment problems at treatment admission and at follow-up. For this reason, we have always encouraged the addition of particular questions and/or additional instruments in the course of evaluating patients. In our own work we have routinely used the MAST, an AIDS questionnaire, additional family background questions and some self-administered psychological tests. We do not endorse the elimination or substitution of items currently on the ASI. Again, the ASI items (regardless of whether they are good or bad for particular individual needs) have been tested for reliability and validity as individual items and as part of the composite and/or severity scores. The elimination or substitution of existing items could significantly reduce the reliability and comparability of these ASI scores. It is possible to eliminate whole sections (problem areas) of the ASI if particular problems are not applicable for specific populations or the focus of specific treatment interventions. In the current version of the ASI and in this workbook, we have included a set of additional items and instruments that have been developed by us and others over the past ten years, to add information in areas that are now inadequately covered by the existing ASI questions. The items themselves are presented on the latest version of the form (See Appendix 1) and the specific instructions for asking these questions and for interpreting the answers are discussed in each of the problem areas in the Specific Instructions part of the workbook. It should be clear that we have not used these items in the calculation of the composite scores or in the determination of severity estimates. Obviously, the use of additional information for these purposes would alter the reliability and validity of the ASI and reduce the comparability of the resulting scores across sites and time points. Thus it is important to stress that the use of earlier ASI versions will still provide comparable data on the composite scores and on the majority of items, since they have not been changed or eliminated, only supplemented in the current version. In addition to these items, there has also been significant work over the past ten years in the development of general and specialized information collection interviews and questionnaires for substance abusers. Some of these instruments bear special note in that they can be used instead of or in addition to the ASI to provide enhanced or specialized information. Some of the more widely used and better validated instruments are presented below but the interested reader is advised to consult the tests and measurements literature for additional information.

Capital Punishment Essay: Death Penalty Not Consistent with Democracy

Death Penalty Not Consistent with Democracy    Many laws consider a premeditated crime more serious than a crime of pure violence. But what then is capital punishment but the most premeditated of murders, to which no criminal's deed, however calculated it may be, can be compared? For there to be equivalence, the death penalty would have to punish a criminal who had warned his victim of the date at which he would inflict a horrible death on him and who, from that moment onward, had confined him at his mercy for years.    The Council of Europe declares, "The death penalty can no longer be regarded as an acceptable form of punishment from a human rights perspective. It is an arbitrary, discriminatory and irreversible sanction when judicial errors, which can never be entirely ruled out, cannot be reversed."   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In fact, the Council went so far as to create a Protocol No. 6 in 1983, which abolished capital punishment in peacetime. All new member states must ratify this legislation and, so far, 39 of the 41 member states of the council have done so.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nonetheless, 17 years after the Council of Europe adopted Protocol No. 6, the United States remains one of the few staunch Western defenders of capital punishment. Both mainstream Presidential candidates in the United States firmly supported the death penalty, and one candidate, George W. Bush, personally signed off on 35 executions in 1999 while governor of Texas. Why has capital punishment, which has been condemned by most Western democracies, continued to have such strong support in the United States?      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Obviously, Europe and the United States are very different places, but it is ... ...ms cited by the Council as justification for the abolition of capital punishment remain unaddressed in the United States today. Capital punishment is still arbitrary, discriminatory, and irreversible in America. Yet, despite these, and other, compelling reasons to abolish capital punishment, our nation still defends this barbaric, uncivilized and cruel practice.    To many Americans, capital punishment is a quick fix to a national crime problem. We have been willing to overlook the gross injustices of the practice because we have convinced ourselves that it is making America a safer community. Acceptance of this myth must stop. The United States should follow Europe's lead and acknowledge that the administration of capital punishment in this country is an inherently unfair judicial practice. We must demand a moratorium on the death penalty in America now.   

Cis Chapter 5 Study Guide

CS200-Chapter5-Homework Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____1. A(n) ____ is an input device that contains keys users press to enter data and instructions into a computer. a. |keyboard|c. |gamepad| b. |light pen|d. |stylus| ____2. As shown in the accompanying figure, a(n) ____ is a touch-sensitive display device. a. |stylus|c. |gamepad| b. |touch screen|d. |touch remote| ____3. A(n) ____ is a freestanding computer that includes a touch screen. a. |encoder|c. |modem| b. |kiosk|d. |telemeter| ____4.The Wii ____ is a motion-sensing input device that uses Bluetooth wireless technology to communicate with the Wii game console. a. |Tooth|c. |Remote| b. |Bluetool|d. |gamepad| ____5. On a ____, sometimes called a game controller, users press buttons or move sticks in various directions to activate events. a. |gamepad|c. |trackball| b. |Click Wheel|d. |touch screen| ____6. ____ is the process of entering data by speaking into a mic rophone. a. |MIDI|c. |Voice over| b. |Speech recognition|d. |Voice input| ____7. Voice input is part of a larger category of input called ____ input. a. |audible|c. |integrated| b. audio|d. |aural| ____8. Voice ____ is the process of entering input by speaking into a microphone. a. |recognition|c. |concatenation| b. |input|d. |indexing| ____9. Audio ____ is the process of entering any sound into the computer such as speech, music, and sound effects. a. |recognition|c. |concatenation| b. |input|d. |indexing| ____10. A(n) ____ is the smallest element in an electronic image. a. |bit|c. |pixel| b. |candela|d. |nit| ____11. As shown in the accompanying figure, a ____ is a video camera that displays its output on a Web page. a. |Web cam|c. |PC camera| b. |PDA|d. |video conference| ____12.A(n) ____ conference is a meeting between two or more geographically separated people who use a network or the Internet to transmit audio and video data. a. |video|c. |dynamic| b. |distance|d. |profession al| ____13. A(n) ____ cam enables a home or small business user to capture video and still images, send e-mail messages with video attachments, add live images to instant messages, broadcast live images over the Internet, and make video telephone calls. a. |online|c. |conference| b. |Web|d. |vid| ____14. A(n) ____ scanner works in a manner similar to a copy machine except it creates a file of the document in memory instead of a paper copy a. thermal|c. |flatbed| b. |drum|d. |rolling| ____15. A bar code ____ uses laser beams to read bar codes. a. |device|c. |processor| b. |cam|d. |reader| ____16. An MICR ____ converts MICR characters into a form the computer can process. a. |device|c. |processor| b. |cam|d. |reader| ____17. A fingerprint ____ captures curves and indentations in a fingerprint. a. |identifier|c. |reader| b. |biometer|d. |processor| ____18. ____ is data that has been processed into a useful form. a. |Concatenation|c. |Output| b. |Recognition|d. |Input| ____19. A ____ de vice is an output device that visually conveys text, graphics, and video information. . |processor|c. |graphical| b. |basal|d. |display| ____20. A(n) ____ is a display device that is packaged as a separate peripheral. a. |scanner|c. |monitor| b. |biometer|d. |both a and c| ____21. A(n) ____ monitor like the one shown in the accompanying figure, uses a liquid crystal display to produce images. a. |pixel|c. |plasma| b. |graphical|d. |LCD| ____22. ____ describes the difference in light intensity between the brightest white and darkest black that can be displayed on a monitor like the one in the accompanying figure. a. |Pixel pitch|c. |Contrast ratio| b. |Resolution|d. |Refresh rate| ____23.The quality of a monitor like the one in the accompanying figure depends primarily on its ____. a. |screen size|c. |base| b. |resolution|d. |voltage| ____24. ____ is the number of horizontal and vertical pixels in a display device. a. |Pixel depth|c. |Bit depth| b. |Color index|d. |Resolution| ____25 . A(n) ____ monitor is a display device that uses gas plasma technology, which sandwiches a layer of gas between two glass plates. a. |resolved|c. |plasma| b. |topology|d. |gaseous| ____26. For a display device like the one in the accompanying figure, all of the following are common sizes EXCEPT____ inches. . |15|c. |20| b. |17|d. |22| ____27. A(n) ____ monitor like the one in the accompanying figure is a desktop monitor that contains a cathode ray tube. a. |LCD|c. |plasma| b. |CRT|d. |PCX| ____28. ____ is a wireless technology for printing. a. |RFID|c. |Bluetooth| b. |Stylus|d. |Wii| ____29. Printer resolution is measured in ____. a. |pixels|c. |hertz| b. |dots per inch|d. |pages per minute| ____30. A(n) ____ printer is any category of printer that forms characters and graphics on a piece of paper without actually striking the paper. a. |character|c. |nonimpact| b. |laser|d. |ink-jet| ____31.A(n) ____ printer is a type of nonimpact printer that forms characters and graphics by spra ying tiny drops of liquid ink onto a piece of paper. a. |plasma|c. |ink-jet| b. |thermal|d. |dot-matrix| ____32. A(n) ____ generates images by pushing electrically heated pins against heat-sensitive paper. a. |laser printer|c. |photo-quality printer| b. |thermal printer|d. |ink-jet printer| ____33. A(n) ____ peripheral is a single device that looks like a copy machine but provides the functionality of a printer, scanner, copy machine, and perhaps a fax machine a. |multivariate|c. |multiple| b. |multifunction|d. multifaceted| ____34. A dot-matrix printer is a kind of ____ printer. a. |laser|c. |nonimpact| b. |plotter|d. |impact| ____35. A(n) ____ printer forms characters and graphics on a piece of paper by striking a mechanism against an inked ribbon that physically contacts the paper. a. |laser|c. |plotter| b. |impact|d. |ink-jet| ____36. A(n) ____ output device is a component of a computer that produces music, speech, or other sounds, such as beeps. a. |video|c. |aural| b. |audio|d . |sensory| ____37. To boost low bass sounds, surround sound speaker systems also include a ____. a. |headset|c. |subwoofer| b. graphics chips|d. |multifunction peripheral| ____38. ____ are audio output devices that rest inside the ear canal. a. |Faxes|c. |UPCs| b. |Audiophones|d. |Earbuds| ____39. The ____ requires any company with 15 or more employees to make reasonable attempts to accommodate the needs of physically challenged workers. a. |Sarbanes-Oxley Act|c. |Workers’ Protection Act| b. |ADA|d. |W3C Act| ____40. Two output options for blind users are ____. a. |Braille printer and headset| b. |voice output and Braille printer| c. |on-screen keyboard and head-mounted pointer| d. |head mounted pointer and voice recognition|True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. ____41. A wireless keyboard uses ultraviolet light waves to communicate with the computer. ____42. If a touch screen like the one in the accompanying figure recognizes multiple points of contact at the same time, it is known as a multi-touch screen. ____43. Many handheld game consoles have touch screens. ____44. Gamepads can communicate with a game console or personal computer via wired or wireless technology. ____45. Joysticks and wheels are typically wireless and not attached via a cable to a personal computer or game console. ___46. Musical instrument and balance board controllers communicate with game consoles via wired or wireless technology. ____47. The most expensive kind of digital camera is a field camera. ____48. One factor that affects the quality of a digital camera is its resolution. ____49. The only equipment necessary for a video conference is a Web cam. ____50. A digital video camera records video as an analog signal. ____51. RFID requires line-of-sight transmission. ____52. A bar code identifies the price, the manufacturer, and the size of the product. ____53.Exposure to a magnet or magnetic field can erase the content of a card’s magnetic stripe. _ ___54. Some newer keyboards and notebook computers have a fingerprint scanner built into them. ____55. Signature verification systems use a specialized pen and tablet. ____56. An ATM is a self-service banking machine that connects to a host computer through a network. ____57. Plasma monitors offer smaller screen sizes and lower display quality than LCD monitors, but are less expensive. ____58. All high-quality CRT monitors like the one shown in the accompanying figure comply with a set of standards that defines acceptable levels of EMR. ___59. Monitors like the one in the accompanying figure produce a small amount of electromagnetic radiation. ____60. Many different printers exist with varying speeds, capabilities, and printing methods. ____61. Operating in a manner similar to a copy machine, a dye-sublimation printer creates images using a laser beam and powdered ink, called toner. ____62. A disadvantage of multifunction peripherals is that they are significantly more expensive tha n if a user purchased each device separately. ____63. Most personal computers have a small internal speaker that emits high-quality sound. ____64.An on-screen keyboard is a graphic of a standard keyboard that is displayed on the user’s screen. ____65. Visually impaired users can change Windows Vista settings to increase the size or change the color of text, making it easier to read. CS200-Chapter5-Homework Answer Section MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. ANS:APTS:1DIF:PREF:190 OBJ:1 2. ANS:BPTS:1DIF:PREF:193 OBJ:3 3. ANS:BPTS:1DIF:SREF:193 OBJ:3 4. ANS:CPTS:1DIF:PREF:196 OBJ:5 5. ANS:APTS:1DIF:PREF:196 OBJ:5 6. ANS:DPTS:1DIF:PREF:198 OBJ:5 7. ANS:BPTS:1DIF:SREF:198 OBJ:5 8. ANS:BPTS:1DIF:PREF:198 OBJ:5 9. ANS:BPTS:1DIF:PREF:198 OBJ:5 10. ANS:CPTS:1DIF:PREF:198OBJ:5 11. ANS:APTS:1DIF:PREF:199 OBJ:5 12. ANS:APTS:1DIF:PREF:199 OBJ:5 13. ANS:BPTS:1DIF:PREF:199 OBJ:5 14. ANS:CPTS:1DIF:PREF:200 OBJ:5 15. ANS:DPTS:1DIF:PREF:201 OBJ:5 16. ANS:DPTS:1DIF:PREF:202 OBJ:5 17. ANS:CPTS:1DIF:PREF:202 OBJ: 5 18. ANS:CPTS:1DIF:PREF:206 OBJ:6 19. ANS:DPTS:1DIF:PREF:207 OBJ:6 20. ANS:CPTS:1DIF:PREF:207 OBJ:6 21. ANS:DPTS:1DIF:PREF:208 OBJ:6 22. ANS:CPTS:1DIF:SREF:209 OBJ:6 23. ANS:BPTS:1DIF:SREF:209 OBJ:6 24. ANS:DPTS:1DIF:PREF:209 OBJ:6 25. ANS:CPTS:1DIF:PREF:210 OBJ:6 26. ANS:CPTS:1DIF:SREF:210 OBJ:6 27. ANS:BPTS:1DIF:PREF:210 OBJ:6 28. ANS:CPTS:1DIF:SREF:212 OBJ:7 29.ANS:BPTS:1DIF:SREF:213 OBJ:7 30. ANS:CPTS:1DIF:PREF:213 OBJ:7 31. ANS:CPTS:1DIF:PREF:213 OBJ:7 32. ANS:BPTS:1DIF:PREF:215 OBJ:7 33. ANS:BPTS:1DIF:PREF:215 OBJ:7 34. ANS:DPTS:1DIF:PREF:217 OBJ:7 35. ANS:BPTS:1DIF:PREF:217 OBJ:7 36. ANS:BPTS:1DIF:PREF:217 OBJ:8 37. ANS:CPTS:1DIF:SREF:217 OBJ:8 38. ANS:DPTS:1DIF:PREF:218 OBJ:8 39. ANS:BPTS:1DIF:PREF:220 OBJ:9 40. ANS:BPTS:1DIF:SREF:221 OBJ:9 TRUE/FALSE 41. ANS:FPTS:1DIF:SREF:190 OBJ:1 42. ANS:TPTS:1DIF:SREF:193 OBJ:3 43. ANS:TPTS:1DIF:SREF:193 OBJ:3 44. ANS:TPTS:1DIF:SREF:196 OBJ:5 45. ANS:FPTS:1DIF:PREF:196 OBJ:5 46. ANS:TPTS:1DIF:SREF:196 OBJ:5 47.ANS:FPTS:1DIF:SREF:197 OB J:5 48. ANS:TPTS:1DIF:SREF:198 OBJ:5 49. ANS:FPTS:1DIF:SREF:199 OBJ:5 50. ANS:FPTS:1DIF:PREF:199 OBJ:5 51. ANS:FPTS:1DIF:SREF:201 OBJ:5 52. ANS:FPTS:1DIF:SREF:201 OBJ:5 53. ANS:TPTS:1DIF:SREF:202 OBJ:5 54. ANS:TPTS:1DIF:SREF:202 OBJ:5 55. ANS:TPTS:1DIF:SREF:203 OBJ:5 56. ANS:TPTS:1DIF:PREF:204 OBJ:5 57. ANS:FPTS:1DIF:SREF:210 OBJ:6 58. ANS:TPTS:1DIF:SREF:211 OBJ:6 59. ANS:TPTS:1DIF:SREF:211 OBJ:6 60. ANS:TPTS:1DIF:SREF:211 OBJ:7 61. ANS:FPTS:1DIF:SREF:214 OBJ:7 62. ANS:FPTS:1DIF:SREF:215 OBJ:7 63. ANS:FPTS:1DIF:SREF:217 OBJ:8 64. ANS:TPTS:1DIF:SREF:220 OBJ:8 65. ANS:TPTS:1DIF:SREF:221 OBJ:9

Persuasive Essay On Police Brutality - 1467 Words

How can we trust the ones that’s killing us? Law enforcement and police officers play a major role in our community. They help those in need keep us safe. Nationwide they also kill an average of 3 people every day. I thought whenever you become an officer, you have sworn to protect us. Police brutality is a major issue in our society today. Police work is dangerous. In the past, police officers were considered peacekeepers. Police have been occupied in shootings, severe beatings, and unnecessarily rough treatments to our people instead of focusing on protecting us. Racism has always been the main cause of police brutality. Black men are constantly harassed by the police and routinely brutalized even when they have done nothing wrong.†¦show more content†¦The money that comes from taxpayers should come from the police themselves. Just like an employee in any other job would be held accountable for their own personal actions, police should too. What all is considered police brutality? (Rodgers, What’s Considered Police Brutality) Physical abuse is one. More physical abuse than any other but there are others. Force that is not necessary is considered an assault. If you think the abuse that goes down during police brutality doesn’t affect you, it honestly does. Many cities have spent over millions of dollars because of a case that happens. Los Angeles spent over $1.5 million on a case of a Highway Patrol officer beating a woman at a traffic stop. Sexual assault against several women by one officer in San Diego cost $5.9 million. That pays for hospital negligence and property damage. That’s a lot of money that could’ve just been avoided honestly. Police brutality is the use of excessive force, Police officers uses all types of abuse to act on violence. The only time a police officer should raise their gun at a suspect or anyone is when the suspect has their gun pointed at the police officer. If a b lack man is carrying a gun but he is doing nothing to anyone and you shot him or if a black man is running for his life and you shot him in the back that’s the police officers fault. We as taxpayers shouldn’t pay for your actions and it’s honestly not right. Police officersShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Essay On Police Brutality1400 Words   |  6 PagesThe fear of being killed by the ones who are supposed to protect you just keeps growing in the United States. Yes this essay is about the brushed off topic of police brutality and how it’s got to be stopped before it gets even way more out of hand. It’s just scary to think that the people who are supposed to protect you have a never ending list of just names and ages which they were responsible for killing. The ages of the deaths go to as young as 14 to all the way to 70 the lives of kids and elderlyRead MorePersuasive Essay On Police Brutality1663 Words   |  7 PagesPolice officers primary responsibility is to protect and serve citizens and communities, not to abuse the power that they were given to hurt innocent people. For personal enjoyment or a personal vendetta. Some states have the â€Å"Stand-Your-Ground† laws, which allows innocent citizens the right to use d eadly force to defend and protect themselves. But what if they were protecting themselves from police brutality. Police brutality can be has been going on for many years. But recently has become a biggerRead MorePersuasive Essay On Police Brutality880 Words   |  4 PagesOnce â€Å"A young nigga got it bad ‘cause Im brown, and not the other color, so police think, they have the authority to kill a minority. F*ck that Sh*t cause I ain’t the one.† (NWA, 1988). Today’s police brutality is ridiculous. Police brutality is the use of excessive and/or unnecessary force by police when dealing with civilians. Every other week a loved black citizen is taken away from us. Over the past decade, police have acted out in ways that have made people wonder if our officers of the lawRead MorePersuasive Essay On Police Brutality892 Words   |  4 PagesPolice officers once were called peace keepers however now they seem to be nothing more than law enforcing officers. Most still do their jobs but they are more concerned about quotas and making arrests on Innocent people rather than keeping peace. Which as a following result has brought up a lot of apprehensiveness between the police and their citizens. With increasing violence in cities and stat es, police officers methods have slowly become more aggressive, bringing a rise in unnecessary policeRead MorePersuasive Essay On Police Brutality1079 Words   |  5 Pagessimplest procedures such as a traffic stop. Most do not even want to encounter a policer officer. The reason why? Police brutality. The article Police Brutality by gale defines police brutality as: The use of unnecessary, excessive force by police in their encounters with civilians. The force used is beyond what would be considered necessary in the situation at hand. (Police Brutality). The same individuals who are supposed to protect and serve the citizens of the United States have instilledRead MorePersuasive Essay On Police Brutality1893 Words   |  8 PagesAmerican JusticeDue to the growing abundance of evidence clearly demonstrating that brutality and racism are prominent issues within the United States police system, coupled with the fact that the majority of officers who commit such crimes are never indicted, the Federal government must adopt certain reforms to remedy this situation. There are countless proposals and ideas aimed at solving this issue of police brutality, but there is one formulation of plans that would seem to be the most effectiveRead MorePersuasive Essay On Police Brutality1471 Words   |  6 Pagescases of police brutality. Officers are faced with many threatening situations everyday forcing them to make split-second decisions expecting the worse, but hoping for the best. Therefore, police brutality severely violates human rights in the United States. Police officers have one of the hardest jobs America has to offer. They have to maintain public order, prevent, and identify crime. Throughout history, the police community has been exposed by violence in some way or another. Police officersRead MorePersuasive Essay On Police Brutality950 Words   |  4 PagesPolice brutality is a very widespread topic through all religions, all kinds of different cultures and all races. People believe that police officers use their powers and their badge to hold them to a higher standard then the average civilian. I belief that its all up to interpretation and the many experiences we go through that define a bad cop from a good one. If we judge all police officers from one bad cop how do we expect to change? Its a never ending cycle that has to change and heres someRead MoreEnglish 1A Essay 3 1 3 1624 Words   |  7 PagesSomer 13 November 2014 The Horrors of Police Brutality Imagine being in the Bart train, going to a party with some of your friends, but while in route, you are shot by the Bart police for a crime you did not commit. This is the story of a young man named Oscar Grant. On New Years Eve of 2009, he was fatally shot. . Police brutality is the use of excessive force, physically or verbally, by a police officer. In one year, how many incidents of police brutality or misconduct do you think have occurredRead MoreThe Use Of Brutality And Persuasion1626 Words   |  7 PagesThe use of brutality and persuasion in interviews by Police. In this case analysis it will discuss the purpose of interrogatory deception when conducting interviews, ways in which it is used, some of the current debates over the practice, and examples of theories to explain corruption and brutality. The number one priority that should be thought about prior to any form of interrogation Interviewing is the suspect’s rights and privacy are to be respected. However in some cases police have failed